Administrative Timer Jobs not running after upgrade

Symptoms

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Every SharePoint server has one SPTimerServiceInstance object which represents the SPTimerV4 Windows Service. In certain circumstances (typically after an upgrade), you could end up in a situation where your timer service is running on the server but the SPTimerSericeInstance object is not Online. In this case, any administrative operations that depend on timer jobs to be completed (such as starting the User Profile Synchronization Service) will not be successful. 

Cause

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An unexpected event during the upgrade prevented the timer service instance object to be brought back online.

Resolution

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The following PowerShell script can be run on one of the SharePoint servers in the farm. The script detects timer service instances in the farm that are not online and attempts to bring them online. After running the script, please manually restart the SPTimerV4 Windows Service (SharePoint 2010 Timer) on each server that is identified to have the problem

$farm = Get-SPFarm
$disabledTimers = $farm.TimerService.Instances | where {$_.Status -ne "Online"}
if ($disabledTimers -ne $null)
{
foreach ($timer in $disabledTimers)
{
Write-Host "Timer service instance on server " $timer.Server.Name " is not Online. Current status:" $timer.Status
Write-Host "Attempting to set the status of the service instance to online"
$timer.Status = [Microsoft.SharePoint.Administration.SPObjectStatus]::Online
$timer.Update()
}
}
else
{
Write-Host "All Timer Service Instances in the farm are online! No problems found"
}